How Space Changes the Human Body: What Astronauts Face Beyond Earth
Have you ever wondered what happens to the human body during a long space mission? Scientists have been studying how space travel affects metabolism, gut bacteria, and even the immune system. Thanks to a unique study involving twin astronauts, we now have some answers.
In 2015, astronaut Scott Kelly spent nearly a year (340 days) aboard the International Space Station (ISS), while his identical twin, Mark Kelly, remained on Earth. Because the brothers share the same DNA, scientists were able to compare their biological changes and understand how space travel impacts the body.
The results were fascinating: Scott lost about 7% of his body weight due to a controlled diet and exercise, while Mark, who stayed on Earth, gained a few pounds. But the most surprising discoveries were at the genetic level. Some of Scott’s biological changes, like shifts in gut bacteria, metabolism, and immune function, returned to normal within six months. However, other changes, like eye issues, mental sharpness, and even slight chromosome damage, lasted much longer.
This research is crucial for future space missions, especially as NASA plans to send astronauts to Mars. Understanding how space travel affects the human body will help scientists develop ways to keep astronauts healthy on long-duration missions.
Would you ever want to spend a year in space? While it sounds exciting, the science behind it shows that deep space travel comes with serious challenges!
