The history of wound care is closely intertwined with the development of human civilization. One of the oldest known medical records, a clay tablet from 2200 BCE, mentions the “three healing gestures”: washing wounds, applying dressings, and bandaging. These early dressings, predecessors of modern wound care materials, were made from various substances like mud, clay, plants, and herbs to protect wounds and absorb fluids. Oils were commonly used to prevent bacterial growth and to keep dressings from sticking to wounds. Interestingly, beer also played a role in early wound treatment, as the Sumerians brewed at least 19 types of beer and included it in some wound care recipes. The ancient Egyptians were likely the first to use adhesive bandages and frequently applied honey to wounds. Their dressings commonly contained honey, fat, and cotton, where cotton helped absorb wound exudate, while fat and honey provided a protective barrier against infections. Honey, known for its antibacterial properties, has been used in wound care for thousands of years. Egyptians also painted wounds with green pigment, as the color symbolized life, and the copper in the paint had antimicrobial properties. The art of bandaging wounds, especially in mummification, was also an Egyptian innovation. The ancient Greeks and Romans further developed wound care techniques, emphasizing hygiene and cleanliness. During the Middle Ages, wound care knowledge regressed in some areas, though certain places preserved ancient medical practices. The Renaissance saw a renewed interest in surgery, leading to the development of new techniques. The 19th century brought a revolution in wound care with the introduction of antiseptic procedures and disinfection methods. Modern wound care continues to evolve, integrating ancient wisdom with scientific advancements to promote more effective healing.
