Childhood obesity is associated with an increased risk of immune-related skin
diseases in children, such as alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis.
Transitioning from normal weight to overweight is linked to a heightened risk of
atopic dermatitis, while weight loss may reduce the risk of this condition.
Korean researchers analyzed a longitudinal cohort from 2009 to 2020, using data
from over 2.1 million children to examine the relationship between body mass
index (BMI) and immune-mediated skin diseases. Participants underwent health
screenings at ages 30-36 months and 42-48 months, with follow-up continuing
until December 31, 2021.
Obese children were more likely to develop alopecia areata, atopic dermatitis, and
psoriasis compared to those with normal weight. Children who transitioned from
normal weight to overweight had a higher risk of atopic dermatitis than those who
maintained their normal weight. Conversely, children whose BMI shifted from
overweight to normal had a lower risk of atopic dermatitis compared to those who
remained overweight.
The association between BMI and skin diseases is explained by the impact of
weight gain on the activation of inflammatory cytokines. The researchers
emphasized the importance of maintaining weight in children who are already
within the normal weight range, as well as promoting healthy dietary practices and
weight loss in overweight children, especially before school age.
The research was retrospective, and the researchers had limited information
regarding the health of the children’s parents. BMI does not account for specific
elements of body composition, such as fat distribution. The relatively short follow-
up period may have influenced the findings regarding alopecia areata and
psoriasis, which are more prevalent at later ages.
